Mycetoma is a debilitating neglected tropical disease that primarily affects impoverished rural communities across the so-called ‘mycetoma belt,’ which includes regions of the Middle East, Africa, Latin America, and South Asia. It can lead to severe physical disabilities, requiring invasive surgeries like excision or amputation. Beyond its physical toll, mycetoma also causes significant socioeconomic and psychological harm.

In Sub-Saharan Africa, countries including Sudan, Chad, Ethiopia, and Kenya report high mycetoma prevalence rates, particularly in areas where environmental and socioeconomic conditions favour disease transmission. In northern Kenya, Turkana County stands out due to its proximity to South Sudan—a known hotspot—and its shared environmental vulnerabilities. By 2024, Turkana had recorded a significant number of mycetoma cases, making it a growing public health concern. The disease not only affects individuals’ well-being but also places a heavy financial burden on the healthcare system. Challenges such as inadequate diagnostic services, low community awareness, and delayed diagnosis and treatment further complicate disease management.

To address these issues, DNDi is supporting a cross-sectional study in Turkana County implemented by the African Institute for Health and Development (AIHD). Focusing on Loima and Turkana South sub-counties, a total of 16 village units will be selected for the study. The sample size will be distributed among the two sub-counties in proportion to their population sizes, with 166 and 237 individuals and their households sampled in Loima and Turkana South, respectively. The study adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative household surveys with qualitative techniques including key informant interviews, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, transect walks, and social mapping. Study sites and participants will be selected based on the prevalence of mycetoma and environmental conditions conducive to its spread.

This research aims to uncover the social, behavioural, and economic factors influencing the prevention and management of mycetoma in Turkana. By engaging directly with communities, the study seeks to identify healthcare gaps and better understand the needs of affected populations. The findings will inform the development of culturally appropriate interventions, policy recommendations, and practical tools such as training manuals and standard operating procedures. Ultimately, the study will contribute to more effective prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies and support future research, including clinical trials and drug development efforts.